Latent factors are variables that cannot be observed directly but can be inferred from a set of observable variables. For example, in psychology, bad conduct (latent factor) can be measured by how ...

Latent variable modeling comprises a suite of methodologies that infer unobserved constructs from observable indicators, thereby enabling researchers to quantify abstract phenomena across diverse ...

Following Cox & Wermuth (1994, 2002), we show that the distribution of a set of binary observable variables, induced by a certain discrete latent variable model, may be approximated by a quadratic ...

Bayesian network models offer a large degree of flexibility for modeling dependence among observables (item outcome variables) from the same task, which may be dependent. This article explores four ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...