Of digital electronics, a wise man once said that “Every idiot can count to one.” Truer words have rarely been spoken, because at the end of the day, every digital circuit is really just an analog ...

Native SPICE elements that accurately replicate an op amp’s real-world behavior were nonexistent. A transconductance sourcing current from the rails and transitioning to a resistive state as the ...

Most operational amplifiers (op amps) have input and output electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection diodes, as shown in Figure 1. These diodes are designed for protection from ESD damage during ...

With over 35 years of refinement, op amps are a staple of analog designers. Have we reached the limit of what can be done with monolithic op amps? For many applications, IC op amps are clearly the ...

Operational amplifiers or op amps are becoming a crucial building block in high-accuracy and high-bandwidth sensor interfaces by providing precision signal conditioning without calibration, thus ...